> A Very Short Introduction veryAntibiotics are chemical compounds secreted by a microscopic organism like bacteria to kill or inhibit the growth of another type of competition microorganisms, so the antibiotics found on the ground before the arrival of humans millions of years.Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of penicillinAlexander Fleming, the discoverer of penicillinAfter all, the expected meeting between humans and antibiotics came by chance, as tells the famous story, the world of microbiology, "Alexander Fleming" has returned to his lab after a short vacation, only to find an amazing discovery awaits him one of the Petri dishes his own, where he noted Fleming that bacteria growth decline in a dishes due to mildew growth, to conclude that the secretions that mushrooms were the cause in the decline of the bacteria, and isolates the magic and his ilk mushroom extract, and then it is used in various infectious diseases of the throat infections to treat respiratory tract infection to the internal medicine and reproductive system diseases.But that miracle cure was not a super-effective all the time, since the early years of the use of antibiotics as a treatment, scientists have discovered some of the germs that can resist and overcome them, then scientists did not have any adequate explanation, was not it dangerous requires close attention at the time, as the pace of production of other antidepressants were extremely fast, to replace the more effective treatment on the immediate predecessors, and retracts infectious diseases as never before across the whole of human history.African doctors discussing bacteria crisisToday, after what started production hardwoods lines, and dropped many of the pharmaceutical companies for the production of antibiotics because of high expenses and profits is rewarding, and with the emergence of a good number of bacterial strains resistance, antibiotic resistance crisis contention on major global crises such as pollution and global warming and it works thousands of research laboratories around the world to find a suitable solution, saving humanity from a potential disaster.We can summarize the cause of bacterial resistance in one word, which is certainly "evolution", to Nokhadd an illustrative example "bacteria X" nurse who has been treated with penicillin, the penicillin his job by disabling a critical proteins to build cellular bacteria wall, and without a cell wall will die "bacteria X" as a result of leaks fluids or cells burst, and perhaps the effectiveness of penicillin last several generations, until the occurrence of a random mutation in the genetic material of bacteria cause a change protein form which is associated with the antibiotic, or to increase the number of cell X pumps that can expel penicillin quickly out of the cell, or to acquire a bacterial enzymes ability to digest the antibiotic before the events of the deadly impact.That boom may be useless in a different environment, but it is in an environment saturated with penicillin will work on the selection of cells that you own, escaping and getting to succeed the other, which lacks the stunning property.Evolution, then, is the real enemy in this crisis, Unfortunately for us, the bacteria ingenious and fast-evolving organisms, due to the rapid division, which increases the likelihood of mutations, as well as to its ability to absorb pieces of DNA Naked from its surroundings in a process known as transformation Transformation, or the movement of a small fraction of genetic material between two cells in a process known in conjunction conjugation.Split bacteriaMedicine withstand evolutionRepresented the standard response to the crisis of resistant bacteria in the past years, the arms race waged by researchers to develop new antibiotics against the defenses of resistant bacteria, but that solution is no more than a mere rotation in place, bacteria will not stop the development of defenses, unless we discover a different way to attack it.We are in the most need to invest our knowledge of the principles of the theory of evolution to medicine industry stand up to the evolution of bacteria, or at least reduce the speed Ttoreha resistance, and this is what it promises new scientific branch of biological science is known as "social microbiology."Will not think of immediately upon hearing the word "bacteria", can imagine the close-knit community continues its members with each other constantly, they talk distinctive in their own language to regulate their future and their destiny, the one that scientists used to study bacteria as objects is a social, but that the picture has changed radically by the end of with the advances of the last century mainly in the understanding of what is known as "Remote sensing of the quorum" quroum sensing ".Quorum sensing is a system used by bacteria to estimate the number of her relatives in a specific environment, where secrete bacteria sensory molecules messages calling for "Is there one here?", And as soon as the increase in the concentration of those messages, which means an increase in the density of the bacterial colony, begin the colony to organize a unified response to a common purpose, to for example waiting for many types of disease-causing bacteria even access to specific density, to begin in the secretion of toxins and attacking the breadwinner, and while you can "drugs against cooperation" to stop that activity, the theory of evolution is also predict that these medications may withstand the evolution of bacteria spectacularly.Activity bacteria additiveGaNGaN element is one of the most successful examples of anti-cooperation of drugs, where science writer "Carl Zimmer" explains the scientific essay magazine "Scientific American" entitled to "weakness in Fort germs," what we achieved this element as an alternative treatment to antibiotics yet.Where he used a team of researchers recently this element counter to the behavior of a cooperative unique in nurse bacteria known Balzoaiv pseudomonas, may not bacteria growth without iron, because the human body is poor in iron environment, produces molecules known Bhamlat iron are grabbing or iron theft of hemoglobin molecules in the body the bacteria cells , this behavior is a cooperative to a large extent, as each molecule of carriers, which picked up one of the microbes tend to be made from another microbe among millions of microbes in the colony molecules.It was observed that the iron carriers launched by this
